《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(5): 723-735

滴灌和淹灌栽培模式下水稻光合生理、荧光参数及产量构成因素分析

王志军¹, 叶春秀¹, 董永梅¹, 李有忠¹, 田又升¹, 陈林², 孙国清^1,3,*, 谢宗铭^1,*

¹新疆农垦科学院生物技术研究所/作物种质创新与基因资源利用兵团重点实验室, 新疆石河子832000; ²新疆天业(集团)有限公司, 新疆石河子832000; ³中国农业科学院生物技术研究所, 北京100081

通信作者：孙国清；E-mail: sunguoqing02@caas.cn; xiezmchy@163.com

摘　要：

为明确膜下滴灌和淹灌两种栽培模式对水稻光合生理及产量构成因素的影响, 本研究对4个水稻品系齐穗期剑叶的光合色素含量、光-CO₂响应曲线、叶绿素荧光参数、保护酶活性、渗透调节物质等光合生理指标, 以及成熟期产量构成要素进行了分析。结果表明: 膜下滴灌模式下, 4个参试材料的光合色素含量均低于淹灌, 但差异均不显著; 光合及光-CO₂响应曲线分析表明, 光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、饱和光强和饱和CO₂浓度下的最大净光合速率(P_n,max)、光饱和点(LSP)及羧化效率(CE)均低于淹灌, 胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、光补偿点(LCP)、CO₂补偿点(CCP)、光呼吸速率(R_p)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(R_d)等指标总体上高于淹灌, 大部分指标差异显著; 叶绿素荧光参数研究表明, 实际光化学量子效率(Φ_PSII)、光化学淬灭系数(q_P)和光系统II (PSII)最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)高于淹灌, 电子传递速率(ETR)、暗适应下最小荧光(F_o)及最大荧光(F_m)低于淹灌, 非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)在两种栽培模式下差异不大; 可溶性蛋白(SP)含量和可溶性糖(SS)含量总体上低于淹灌, 丙二醛(MDA)含量总体上高于淹灌; 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性总体上高于淹灌, 过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性差异不大; 株高、分蘖数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、有效穗数、产量等性状总体上低于淹灌, 结实率和二级枝梗数差异不大。膜下滴灌水稻大部分光合生理指标以及产量构成因素均低于淹灌, 可能遭受轻度水分胁迫, 这也可能是膜下滴灌水稻产量进一步提高的主要限制因素。

关键词：水稻; 膜下滴灌; 传统淹灌; 光合生理; 产量构成

收稿：2015-12-30   修定：2016-04-23

资助：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100508), 新疆生产建设兵团“十二五”项目(2012BD046)和新疆农垦科学院青年基金(YQJ201504)。

Photosynthetic physiology, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield components of rice under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching and continuous flooding

WANG Zhi-Jun¹, YE Chun-Xiu¹, DONG Yong-Mei¹, LI You-Zhong¹, TIAN You-Sheng¹, CHEN Lin², SUN Guo-Qing^1,3,*, XIE Zong-Ming^1,*

¹Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science / Xinjiang Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Shihezi, Xingjiang 832000, China; ²Xingjiang Tianye (Group) Co., Ltd., Shihezi, Xingjiang 832000, China; ³Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China

Corresponding author: SUN Guo-Qing; E-mail: sunguoqing02@caas.cn; xiezmchy@163.com

Abstract:

In order to illustrate the possible differences in photosynthetic physiology, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa subsp. keng) in response to drip irrigation under mulch film and continuous flooding, photosynthetic pigment contents, light-CO₂ response curves, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, activities of protective enzymes, osmolyte contents of flag leaves at full panicle stage and yield components of four rice lines named T-04 ,T-43,T-66 and T-69 were collected and analyzed, respectively. The results obtained are as follows: (1) photosynthetic pigment contents of all four accessions under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching were lower than that under flooding irrigation, but were not significantly difference at 5% level. (2) As for the following photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), the maximum net photosynthetic rate under saturation light or saturation CO₂ (P_n,max), the light saturation point (LSP), and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of rice under drip irrigation were all significantly lower than that under flooding one, but most of the following parameters such as intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), light compensation point (LCP), CO₂ compensation point (CCP), photorespiratory rate (R_p), apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), and respiration rate (R_d) were significantly higher than that under flooding one. (3) Considering chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Φ_PSII), photochemical quenching (q_P), and the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (F_v/F_m) were higher than that under flooding one, but electron transport rate (ETR), minimal fluorescence (F_o), and maximal fluorescence (F_m) were lower than that of flooding one. There was little difference between non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). (4) Both the contents of soluble protein (SP) and soluble sugar (SS) were lower than that under flooding one, but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was higher than that under flooding. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher than that under flooding, but for activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), there were little differences between the two cultivation methods. (5) Plant height, tiller number, grain numbers per spike, spike length, grain per spike, 1 000-grain weight, effective panicle number and seed production of rice under drip irrigation were all lower than that under flooding, but there were little differences in seed setting rate and secondary branch number. Considering most of photosynthetic parameters of flag leaves at full panicle stage and production components of rice in responsive to drip irrigation under film were significantly lower than that under flooding one, it implies that rice plants under drip irrigation suffered water stress to some degree, which also was the key limit factor for seed production improving.

Key words: rice; drip irrigation with plastic film mulching; flooding cultivation; photosynthetic physiology; yield components